redis入门教程

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June 30, 2011 - 7 minutes read - 1417 words

window平台下的redis dll文件下载: https://github.com/char101/phpredis/downloads

Redis 根据 5 种不同的数据类型来操作数据对象：

String(字符串) Sets(集合) zsets( 排序后的sets集合) List(列表) hash(哈稀)

操作 String 类型的值：

Command

Parameters

Description

SET

key value

Set a key to a string value

GET

key

Return the string value of the key

GETSET

key value

Set a key to a string returning the old value of the key

MGET

key1 key2 … keyN

Multi-get, return the strings values of the keys

SETNX

key

value Set a key to a string value if the key does not exist

SETEX

key time value

Set+Expire combo command

MSET

key1 value1 key2 value2 … keyN valueN

Set multiple keys to multiple values in a single atomic operation

MSETNX

key1 value1 key2 value2 … keyN valueN

Set multiple keys to multiple values in a single atomic operation if none of the keys already exist

INCR

key

Increment the integer value of key

INCRBY

key

integer Increment the integer value of key by integer

DECR

key

Decrement the integer value of key

DECRBY

key

integer Decrement the integer value of key by integer

APPEND

key value

Append the specified string to the string stored at key

SUBSTR

key start end

Return a substring of a larger string

操作 sets 类型的值：（sets 集合)

Command

Parameters

Description

SADD

key member

Add the specified member to the Set value at key

SREM

key member

Remove the specified member from the Set value at key

SPOP

key

Remove and return (pop) a random element from the Set value at key

SMOVE

srckey dstkey member

Move the specified member from one Set to another atomically

SCARD

key

Return the number of elements (the cardinality) of the Set at key

SISMEMBER

key member

Test if the specified value is a member of the Set at key

SINTER

key1 key2 … keyN

Return the intersection between the Sets stored at key1, key2, …, keyN

SINTERSTORE

dstkey key1 key2 … keyN

Compute the intersection between the Sets stored at key1, key2, …, keyN, and store the resulting Set at dstkey

SUNION

key1 key2 … keyN

Return the union between the Sets stored at key1, key2, …,keyN

SUNIONSTORE

dst key key1 key2 … keyN

Compute the union between the Sets stored atkey1, key2, …, keyN, and store the resulting Set at dstkey

SDIFF

key1 key2 … keyN

Return the difference between the Set stored at key1 and all the Sets key2, …, keyN

SDIFFSTORE

dstkey key1 key2 … keyN

Compute the difference between the Set key1 and all the Sets key2, …, keyN, and store the resulting Set at dstkey

SMEMBERS

key

Return all the members of the Set value at key

SRANDMEMBER

key

Return a random member of the Set value at key

操作 lists 类型的值：（列表）

Command

Parameters

Description

RPUSH

key value

Append an element to the tail of the List value at key

LPUSH

key value

Append an element to the head of the List value at key

LLEN

key

Return the length of the List value at key

LRANGE

key start end

Return a range of elements from the List at key

LTRIM

key start end

Trim the list at key to the specified range of elements

LINDEX

key index

Return the element at index position from the List at key

LSET

key index value

Set a new value as the element at index position of the List at key

LREM

key count value

Remove the first-N, last-N, or all the elements matching value from the List at key

LPOP

key

Return and remove (atomically) t he first element of the List at key

RPOP

key

Return and remove (atomically) the last element of the List at key

BLPOP

key1 key2 … keyN

timeout Blocking LPOP

BRPOP

key1 key2 … keyN

timeout Blocking RPOP

RPOPLPUSH

srckey dstkey

Return and remove (atomically) the last element of the source List stored at srckey and push the same element to the destination List stored at dstkey

操作 zsets 类型的值：（排序后的 sets 集合）

Command

Parameters

Description

ZADD

key score member

Add the specified member to the Sorted Set value at key or update the score if it already exist.

将member存放到key中,并根据score值的大小进行从小到大的顺序排序.如果member的值已经存在,则会重新根据score的值进行排序

ZREM

key member

Remove the specified member from the Sorted Set value at key

ZINCRBY

key increment member

If the member already exists increment its score by increment, otherwise add the member setting increment as score

ZRANK

key member

Return the rank (or index) or member in the sorted set at key, with scores being ordered from low to high

ZREVRANK

key member

Return the rank (or index) or member in the sorted set at key, with scores being ordered from high to low

ZRANGE

key start end

Return a range of elements from the sorted set at key

ZREVRANGE

key start end

Return a range of elements from the sorted set at key,exactly like ZRANGE, but the sorted set is ordered in traversed in reverse order, from the greatest to the smallest score

ZRANGEBYSCORE

key min max

Return all the elements with score >= min and score <= max (a range query) from t he sorted set

ZCOUNT

key min max

Return the number of elements with score >= min and score <= max in the sorted set

ZCARD

key

Return the cardinality (number of elements) of the sorted set at key

ZSCORE

key element

Return the score associated with the specified element of the sorted set at key

ZREMRANGEBYRANK

key min max

Remove all the elements with rank >= min and rank <= max from the sorted set

ZREMRANGEBYSCORE

key min max

Remove all the elements with score >= min and score <= max from the sorted set

ZUNIONSTORE/ ZINTERSTORE

dstkey N key1 … keyN

WEIGHTS w1 … wN AGGREGATESUM|MIN|MAX Perform a union or intersection over a number of sorted sets with optional

weight and aggregate

操作 hash 类型的值：

Command

Parameters

Description

HSET

key field value

Set the hash field to the specified value. Creates the hash if needed.

HGET

key field

Retrieve the value of the specified hash field.

HMGET

key field1 … fieldN

Get the hash values associated to the specified fields.

HMSET

key field1 value1 … fieldN valueN

Set the hash fields to their respective values.

HINCRBY

key field

integer Increment the integer value of the hash at key on field with integer.

HEXISTS

key field

Test for existence of a specified field in a hash

HDEL

key field

Remove the specified field from a hash

HLEN

key

Return the number of items in a hash.

HKEYS

key

Return all the fields in a hash.

HVALS

key

Return all the values in a hash.

HGETALL

key

Return all the fields and associated values in a hash.

公共操作命令部分：（不受数据类型的影响）

Command

Parameters

Description

SORT

key BY pattern LIMIT start end

GET pattern ASC|DESC ALPHA Sort a Set or a List accordingly to the specified parameters 数据持久化控制命令 SAVE

–

Synchronously save the DB on disk BGSAVE – Asynchronously save the DB on disk

LASTSAVE

–

Return the UNIX time stamp of the last successfully saving of the dataset on disk

SHUTDOWN

–

Synchronously save the DB on disk, then shutdown the server

BGREWRITEAOF

–

Rewrite the append only file in background when it gets too big 远程服务器控制命令 INFO

–

Provide information and statistics about the server

MONITOR

–

Dump all the received requests in real time

SLAVEOF

–

Change the replication settings

CONFIG

–

Configure a Redis server at runtime

Redis 的 master/slave 复制：

Redis 的 master/slave 数据复制方式可以是一主一从或者是一主多从的方式，Redis 在 master 是非阻塞模式，也就是说在 slave 执行数据同步的时候，master 是可以接受客户端的请求的，并不影响同步数据的一致性，然而在 slave 端是阻塞模式的，slave 在同步 master 数据时，并不能够响应客户端的查询.

Redis 的 master/slave 模式下，master 提供数据读写服务，而 slave 只提供读服.

Redis 的 master/slave 的配置方式是在 slave 主机的 Redis 目录下的 redis.conf 配置文件中添加：

slaveof master_ip master_port

例如：

我们配置我们的 slave 为：redis-slave.conf

daemonize yes
pidfile redis-slave.pid
port 6380
timeout 300
loglevel verbose
logfile stdout
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
rdbcompression yes
dbfilename dump-slave.rdb
dir /home/falcon/redis-2.0.0/
slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379
appendonly no
appendfsync everysec
vm-enabled no
vm-swap-file logs/redis-slave.swap
vm-max-memory 0
vm-page-size 32
vm-pages 134217728
vm-max-threads 4
glueoutputbuf yes
hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
hash-max-zipmap-value 512
activerehashing yes

启动 slave：

[falcon@www ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-server redis-slave.conf

查看状态信息：

[falcon@www ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli -p 6380 info
redis_version:1.3.17
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
arch_bits:32
multiplexing_api:epoll
process_id:10772
uptime_in_seconds:249
uptime_in_days:0
connected_clients:2
connected_slaves:0
blocked_client s:0
used_memory:1756868
used_memory_human:1.68M
changes_since_last_save:0
bgsave_in_progress:0
last_save_time:1281654285
bgrewriteaof_in_progress:0
total_connections_received:13
total_commands_processed:9
expired_keys:0
hash_max_zipmap_entries:64
hash_max_zipmap_value:512
pubsub_channels:0
pubsub_patterns:0
vm_enabled:0
role:slave
master_host:127.0.0.1
master_port:6379
master_link_status:up
master_last_io_seconds_ago:248
db0:keys=23,expires=0
[falcon@www ~/redis-2.0.0]$ ./redis-cli -p 6379 info
redis_version:1.3.17
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
arch_bits:32
multiplexing_api:epoll
process_id:7663
uptime_in_seconds:16787
uptime_in_days:0
connected_clients:1
connected_slaves:1
blocked_client s:0
used_memory:1757232
used_memory_human:1.68M
changes_since_last_save:0
bgsave_in_progress:0
last_save_time:1281654286
bgrewriteaof_in_progress:0
total_connections_received:835
total_commands_processed:55953
expired_keys:1
hash_max_zipmap_entries:64
hash_max_zipmap_value:512
pubsub_channels:0
pubsub_patterns:0
vm_enabled:0
role:master
db0:keys=23,expires=0

解释:

1、红色标注为 master/slave 端口和运行模式

2、蓝色标注为 master/slave 数据是否同步，目前显示为 keys 23 个，0 个过期.

扩展思维：

Redis 可以做一主一从，也可以做一主多从，更可以做一主一从，在从下面挂从，大家可以根据需求做这样的试验!

Redis命令大全： http://redis.io/commands

redis支持管道技术: http://www.baidu.com/s?bs=edis+%B9%DC%B5%C0&f=8&wd=redis+%B9%DC%B5%C0&inputT=280

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